Londiwe Buthelezi
21 September 2026
I-ADHD yisimo sengqondo esithinta indlela umuntu (ikakhulukazi ingane) aziphatha ngayo, lapha eba nobunzima bokuhlala endaweni eyodwa, ukugxilisa ingqondo, noma ukulawulwa imizwa namawala. Uma singabonwa, singabangela izinkinga ezinkulu esikoleni, emsebenzini, nasebudlelwaneni. Abaningi abane-ADHD bahlukumezeka ngenxa yezimpawu ezifana nokwenza izinto ngokushesha ngaphandle kokucabanga, ukungahleleki njalo, ukukhohlwa, ukungakwazi ukugxila, kanye nobunzima bokulawula imizwa. Lokhu kuhlukunyezwa kungabambezela ukutholakala kwesifo nokwelashwa, kushiye abantu belwa iminyaka eminingi.
I-ADHD iyisimo esiphathelene nokukhula kwengqondo (neurodevelopment) esihlala impilo yonke, izimpawu zivame ukuqala ngaphambi kokuba umuntu abe neminyaka engu-12. Nokho, ukutholwa kwesifo kuvame ukubambezeleka kuze kufike ebudaleni noma kungatholwa nhlobo.
Ngeshwa, izici zomuntu one-ADHD engalashwa zivame ukubonwa ngabanye njengokwenqaba ngamabomu noma ukuntuleka kokuzithiba. I-ADHD ingaba nzima ukuyibona kwabesifazane namantombazane. Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi i-ADHD ingavela ngendlela ehlukile kwabesifazane, abavame ukuba nezimpawu ezichazwa ngokuthi ‘yizivunguvungu zangaphakathi,’ njengokungagxili, ukukhathazeka, ukungakwazi ukulawula imizwa, kanye nokukhuluma ngokweqile. Lokhu kunganezelela ekubambezelekeni kokutholwa kwesifo nokwelashwa. Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo ngochwepheshe kufanele kucatshangwe uma kusolwa i-ADHD. Uma kunohlelo lokwelashwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithi, i-ADHD ingalawuleka kahle.
Indaba Ka-Daphne
UDaphne Solomons watholakala eneADHD eneminyaka engu-36. Ngaphambi kokutholakala kwayo, uchaze impilo yakhe njengeyisiyaluyalu futhi igcwele izithiyo. “Abanye abantu abaqondi ukuthi umuntu one-ADHD uzwa njani ngokwengqondo nangokozwelo,” kusho yena. Ngemuva kokuthi eseqalile ukwelashwa, impilo yakhe yashintsha. Wafunda amasu okumelana nezimo, njengokugcina incwadi yokubhalela ukulandelela imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Uphinde achaze indlela imithi esize ngayo ukuthi aphathe impilo yakhe kangcono. “Ngemithi, angisenayo inkinga yokugxila ezintweni zansuku zonke, futhi isimo sami asisathinti impilo yami yansuku zonke njengoba sasenza ngaphambili,” kusho yena.
Indaba yakhe ikhombisa amandla okutholwa kwesifo. Abantu abadala abaningi ababengazange bahlolwe beseyingane babengazuza uma bengalashwa eminyakeni eminingi edlule.
Imithi ye-ADHD
Imithi ye-ADHD ivamise ukuqondisa indlela ingqondo ecubungula ngayo amakhemikhali abandakanyeka ekugxileni nasekunakeni, ikakhulukazi i-dopamine ne-norepinephrine. Le mithi ingakhulisa ukutholakala kwalezi zithunywa zamakhemikhali engqondo noma ithuthukise indlela ubuchopho obuzisebenzisa ngayo ngempumelelo ezindaweni ezibalulekile ezibandakanyeka ekunakeni nasemsebenzini wengqondo wokuqondisa.
Uma ithathwa ngokungaguquki, imithi isiza abantu abane-ADHD ngoba baba nokuphazamiseka okuncane, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukugxila emsebenzini ngendlela abaningi abangazicabangeli njengento evamile. Imithi ingase futhi ibe nomthelela wokudambisa, inciphise ukusheshisa nokwenza izinto ngokushesha ngaphandle kokucabanga okungaphazamisa. Abazali bezingane ezelashwa ngemithi ye-ADHD kufanele baqaphele kakhulu ukubaluleka kokulandela uhlelo lokwelashwa. Ukulawula i-ADHD kubalulekile ekuthuthukeni kwayo kwezemfundo, kwezenhlalo, nakwezengqondo. Imithi ethathwa ngokungaguquki ingathuthukisa ngokuqondile ukusebenza kwansuku zonke, futhi abasechemisti bakhona ukusiza imindeni.
Amasu angasebenzisi imithi nawo anconywa njengengxenye yohlelo lokwelashwa kwe-ADHD ezinganeni nakubantu abadala. Ukuzilolonga noma ukudlala umdlalo ngokuvamile kungasiza ngamandla amaningi angadingekile. Ukunciphisa isikhathi sokubuka ama-screen kanye nokugcina isikhathi esifanayo sokulala nakho kungasiza. Kwezinye izingane, isikhungo sesikole esisekelayo kanye nendlela yokufundisa, amathuba amaningi okuphuma ngaphandle nokuphumula, kungaba nosizo.
Izinsiza Zokusekela abane-ADHD
Ukulawula i-ADHD kunomthelela omkhulu, hhayi kuphela kumuntu ngamunye, kodwa nakubazali, kubanakekeli, nakumalungu omndeni. Ukufinyelela kuzinsiza zokusekela kungaba nendima ebalulekile ekusizeni imindeni ukubhekana nezinselelo zansuku zonke ezihambisana nalesi simo, futhi kunciphise imizwa yokuzizwa uwedwa.
Iqembu i-South African Depression and Anxiety Group (SADAG) linikeza amaqembu okusekela abane-ADHD amahhala kubazali, abanakekeli, namalungu omndeni abantu abaphila ne-ADHD. Lawa maqembu anikeza indawo ephephile futhi esekelayo lapho abahlanganyeli bengabelana khona ngezinto abahlangabezene nazo, baxoxe ngezinselelo, futhi baxhumane nabanye abaqonda ukuthi kunjani ukusekela umuntu one-ADHD. Kubantu abaningi bemindeni, ukukhuluma nabanye abakhona esimweni esifanayo kunganikeza ukuqiniseka, isikhuthazo, namasu asebenzayo.
Lawa maqembu abuye asize ekwakheni umuzwa womphakathi nokusekelana, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni izinselelo zenhlalo, nezomndeni ezivame ukuhambisana ne-ADHD.
Isikhathi eside kakhulu, izingane ezinalesi simo sokuthuthuka kwengqondo ziqondwa kabi, futhi ukubaluleka kwezenzo zazo kwaba nganakiwe. Abantu abadala abaningi abangatholakalanga namuhla babengase bazuze uma belashwe kusenesikhathi ekuphileni kwabo. Ngolwazi olwengeziwe kubazali, othisha, nabanakekeli, i-ADHD ingaqashelwa, itholakale, futhi ilawulwe ngokushesha, okuthuthukisa imiphumela yesikhathi eside.
Ukufinyelela ekwelashweni okusebenzayo, ulwazi oluthembekile, nokusekela okuqhubekayo kubalulekile. Ngokuhlanganisa ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okufanele, amasu okuziphatha, ukusekelwa umndeni, nezinsiza zomphakathi, abantu abaphila ne-ADHD bangakwazi ukulawula isimo sabo ngempumelelo futhi baphile impilo enomthelela negcwele injabulo.
